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How to Evaluate Shoulder Pain

Nitin B. Jain, MD, MSPH  |  Issue: February 2013  |  

Dr. Jain is assistant professor of physical medicine and rehabilitation and orthopedics at Harvard Medical School in Boston.

References

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  2. Meislin RJ, Sperling JW, Stitik TP. Persistent shoulder pain: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis. Am J Orthop. 2005;34:5-9.
  3. Pedowitz RA, Yamaguchi K, Ahmad CS, et al. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Practice Guideline on: Optimizing the management of rotator cuff problems. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94:163-167.
  4. Hayes K, Walton JR, Szomor ZR, Murrell GA. Reliability of five methods for assessing shoulder range of motion. Aust J Physiother. 2001;47:289-294.
  5. Reinold MM, Wilk KE, Macrina LC, et al. Changes in shoulder and elbow passive range of motion after pitching in professional baseball players. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36:523-527.
  6. Jain NB, Wilcox R, Katz JN, Higgins LD. Clinical examination of the rotator cuff. PM&R. 2013;(In Press).
  7. Tennent TD, Beach WR, Meyers JF. A review of the special tests associated with shoulder examination. Part I: The rotator cuff tests. Am J Sports Med. 2003;31:154-160.
  8. Tennent TD, Beach WR, Meyers JF. A review of the special tests associated with shoulder examination. Part II: Laxity, instability, and superior labral anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesions. Am J Sports Med. 2003;31:301-307.
  9. Hamada K, Fukuda H, Mikasa M, Kobayashi Y. Roentgenographic findings in massive rotator cuff tears. A long-term observation. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990:92-96.
  10. Teefey SA, Rubin DA, Middleton WD, Hildebolt CF, Leibold RA, Yamaguchi K. Detection and quantification of rotator cuff tears. Comparison of ultrasonographic, magnetic resonance imaging, and arthroscopic findings in seventy-one consecutive cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86-A:708-716.
  11. Dinnes J, Loveman E, McIntyre L, Waugh N. The effectiveness of diagnostic tests for the assessment of shoulder pain due to soft tissue disorders: A systematic review. Health Technol Assess. 2003;7:iii, 1-166.

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