Samantha C. Shapiro, MD, is a clinician educator who is passionate about the care and education of rheumatology patients. She writes for both medical and lay audiences and practices telerheumatology.
ad goes here:advert-1
ADVERTISEMENT
SCROLL TO CONTINUE
References
- Kelmenson LB, Wagner BD, McNair BK, et al. Timing of elevations of autoantibody isotypes prior to diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020 Feb;72(2):251–261.
- Nielen MMJ, van Schaardenburg D, Reesink HW, et al. Specific autoantibodies precede the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: A study of serial measurements in blood donors. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Feb;50(2):380–286.
- Rantapää-Dahlqvist S, de Jong BAW, Berglin E, et al. Antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide and IgA rheumatoid factor predict the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Oct;48(10):2741–2749.
- Gerlag DM, Safy M, Maijer KI, et al. Effects of B-cell directed therapy on the preclinical stage of rheumatoid arthritis: The PRAIRI study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019 Feb;78(2):179–185.
- Cope AP, Jasenecova M, Vasconcelos JC, et al. Abatacept in individuals at high risk of rheumatoid arthritis (APIPPRA): A randomised, double-blind, multicentre, parallel, placebo-controlled, phase 2b clinical trial. Lancet. 2024 Mar;403(10429):838–849.
- Rech J, Tascilar K, Hagen M, et al. Abatacept inhibits inflammation and onset of rheumatoid arthritis in individuals at high risk (ARIAA): A randomised, international, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2024 Mar;403(10429):850–859.
- He Z, Glass MC, Venkatesan P, et al. Progression to rheumatoid arthritis in at-risk individuals is defined by systemic inflammation and by T and B cell dysregulation. Sci Transl Med. 2025 Sep 24; 17(817):eadt7214.
