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Sense of Smell

Yehuda Shoenfeld, MD  |  Issue: April 2009  |  April 1, 2009

In summary, it seems that as clinicians, we might do well to return to basics by either asking our patients about their sense of smell or by performing a simple physical diagnostic test to evaluate the function of this sense. Defects in smell function may indicate a specific CNS involvement in SLE and other autoimmune rheumatic diseases, as well as other common neurological diseases. Moreover, developing specific fragrances already known to the ancient Egyptians and Greeks may add another tool to treat hitherto unexplained psychiatric conditions.

Last—but not least—our induction of pure psychiatric states using autoantibodies may relate to the possibility that some of the cases of idiopathic psychiatric states have an autoimmune origin.8

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Dr. Shoenfeld is professor in the department of medicine ‘B’ and Centre for Autoimmune Diseases at Sheba Medical Centre in Tel-Hashome and incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kipp Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases in the Sackler Faculty of Medicine at Tel-Aviv University, both in Israel.

References

  1. Sherer Y, Gorstein A, Fritzler MJ, Shoenfeld Y. Autoantibody explosion in systemic lupus erythematosus: More than 100 different antibodies found in SLE patients. Sem Arth Rheum. 2004;34:501-537.
  2. Shoenfeld Y, Twig G, Katz U, Sherer Y. Autobntibody explosion in antiphospholipid syndrome. J Autoimmun. 2008;30:74-83.
  3. Zandman-Goddard G, Chapman J, Shoenfeld Y. Autoantibodies involved in neuropsychiatric SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2007; 36:297-315.
  4. Mahler M, Kessenbrock K, Szmyrka M, et al. International multicenter evaluation of autoantibodies to ribosomal P proteins. Clinical and Vaccine Immunol. 2006;13:77–83.
  5. Toubi E, Shoenfeld Y. Clinical and biological aspects of anti-P-ribosomal protein autoantibodies. Autoimmunity Rev. 2007;6;119-125.
  6. Shoenfeld Y. The diversity of autoantibodies to P-ribosomal: The infectious-autoimmunity plot. J Mol Med. 2007;85:907-909.
  7. Bonfa E, Golombek SJ, Kaufman LD, et al. Association between lupus psychosis and anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:265-71.
  8. Teplizki-Amital H, Sela B, Shoenfeld Y. Autoantibodies to brain pulynucleotides in patients with schizophrenia. Immunol Res. 1992;11:66-73.
  9. Strous RD, Shoenfeld Y. Schizophrenia, autoimmunity and immune system dysregulation: A comprehensive model updated and revisited. J Autoimmunity. 2006;27:71-80.
  10. Katzav A, Solodeev I, Brodsky O, et al. Induction of autoimmune depression in mice by anti-ribosomal P antibodies via the limbic system. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:938-948.
  11. Blank M, Shoenfeld Y. The story of the 16/6 idiotype and systemic lupus erythematosus. IMAJ. 2008;10:37-39.
  12. Komori T, Fujiwara R, Tanida M, Nomura J, Yokoyama MM. Effects of citrus fragrance on immune function and depressive states. Neuroimmunomodulation. 1995;2:174-180.
  13. Lee IS, Lee GJ. [Effects of lavender aromatherapy on insomnia and depression in women college students] [Article in Korean]. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 2006;36:136-143.
  14. Ben-Ziv T, Katzav A , Chapman J, Blank M, Reichlin M, Shoenfeld Y. The smell of autoimmune depression: Anti-ribosomal P antibodies induce depression and impaired olfactory function journal of autoimmunity. 2009, in press.
  15. Emmer BJ, van der Ground J, Steup-Beekman GM, Huizinga TW, van Buchem MA. Selective involvement of the amygdala in systemic lupus erythematosus. PloS Med. 2006;3: e498.
  16. Appenzeller S, Carnevalle AD, Li LM, Costallat LTL, Cendes F. Hippocampal atrophy in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:1585-1589.
  17. Shoenfeld Y. To smell autoimmunity: Anti-P-ribosomal autoantibodies, depression, and the olfactory system. J Autoimmunity. 2007;28:165-169.
  18. Pause BM, Miranda A, Göder R, Aldenhoff JB, Ferstl R. Reduced olfactory performance in patients with major depression. J Psychiatr Res. 2001;35:271-277.
  19. Strous RD, Shoenfeld Y. To smell the immune system: Olfaction, autoimmunity and brain involvement. Autoimmune Rev. 2006;6:54-60.
  20. Stojanovich L, Zandman-Gosddard G, Pavlovich S, Sikanich N. Psychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity Rev. 2007;6:421-426.
  21. Lapteva L, Nowak M, Yarboro CH, et al. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies, cognitive dysfunction, and depression in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:2505-2514.
  22. Diamond B, Kowal C, Heurta PT, et al. Immunity and acquired alterations in cognition and emotion: Lessons from SLE. Adv Immunol. 2006;89:289-320.
  23. Kowal C, DeGiorgio LA, Nakaoka T, et al. Cognition and immunity: antibody impairs memory. Immunity. 2004;21:179-188.

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Filed under:ConditionsResearch RheumSystemic Lupus Erythematosus Tagged with:Basic researchDiagnosisSystemic lupus erythematosus

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