At this ACR Convergence 2025 session, clinicians discussed complex and difficult-to-diagnose pediatric cases.

Why Target B Cells in SSc-ILD?
In a recent Arthritis & Rheumatology review article, three experts discuss the use of immunosuppressants to target B cells in a patient with systemic sclerosis-interstitial lung disease.

Case Reports: Mimics of Polyarteritis Nodosa
When polyarteritis nodosa isn’t PAN: Two cases of mimics, segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) & vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS), are explored.

New Review Article Explores Endotyping, B Cells & More
A case-based review examines B cells in Sjögren’s disease, the use of endotyping for patient stratification & prognostication, & lymphoma risk.

A Sound Diagnosis for Glandular Swelling
In this case study, ultrasonography proves useful for excluding a diagnosis of Sjögren’s disease, leading to a correct diagnosis of IgG4-RD.

Case Report: Pulmonary Artery Stenosis Secondary to Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
This report presents a rare case of bilateral pulmonary artery stenosis secondary to granulomatosis with polyangiitis, underscoring the importance of recognizing large-vessel involvement as a potential manifestation of AAV; it also includes a narrative review analyzing eight previously reported cases.

Case Report: Giant Cell Arteritis Presenting with Scalp Necrosis
Giant cell arteritis (GCA), is an inflammatory vasculitis that involves large- and mediumsized arteries, most commonly the cranial branches of the carotid artery.1 It is seen in individuals 50 years and older.1 The most typical manifestation is new-onset headache with scalp tenderness and jaw claudication. 2 The most feared complication associated with GCA is permanent…

Case Report: Lupus Nephritis, or a Mimic?
Syphilis, an ancient disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, has been historically referred to as the great mimicker given its heterogenous presentation. Both systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and syphilis can have multi-systemic involvement. Both parvovirus B19 and syphilis have been reported to cause histologic features similar to those seen in lupus nephritis. We present…

Gout Flares & the NLRP3 Inflammasome
Understanding the role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in gout flares points to potential of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors as a new treatment option.

Rheuminations: The Humble Case Report Tells a Story
I often think about medical literature as a sprawling metropolis. There are towering skyscrapers of randomized controlled trials, lofty schools of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and verdant parks of qualitative studies. Much less assuming are the case reports, which are sort of like homesteads for the majority of people who publish and contribute to the…
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