NEW YORK (Reuters Health)—Murine and other studies suggest that titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, widely used as food additives and in drug formulations, may be involved in intestinal inflammation, according to Swiss researchers. As Dr. Gerhard Rogler told Reuters Health by email, “It seems that titanium dioxide nanoparticles are not harmful for a healthy person with…
Fungal Microbiota Dysbiosis Seen in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
NEW YORK (Reuters Health)—Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) show imbalance in their fungal intestinal microbiota, according to new findings. “The fungal microbiota is a new actor to take into account in the pathogenesis of IBD and potentially in other diseases,” Dr. Harry Sokol of Hospital Saint-Antoine in Paris, an author of the new study,…
Methotrexate for Ulcerative Colitis Yields Mixed Results
NEW YORK (Reuters Health)—Parenteral methotrexate was no better than placebo for achieving steroid-free remission of ulcerative colitis (UC) in the METEOR trial. But the drug should not be abandoned in all UC patients, researchers say. “Although METEOR failed to reach its primary endpoint, an important secondary endpoint was met. Our study suggests that methotrexate should…
Genetic Data Suggest Dividing IBD into 3 Forms
NEW YORK (Reuters Health)—Data from a genetic association study suggest that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) should be divided into a three-group continuum, rather than the current division between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. “The current clinical classifications of IBD, while important and useful, are a simplification of the true biological variation of this disease,” Dr….
Rectosigmoidoscopy vs. Colonoscopy for Assessing Ulcerative Colitis Activity
NEW YORK (Reuters Health)—In most cases, rectosigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy assessments of disease activity in ulcerative colitis yield the same results, researchers report. “In clinical practice, rectosigmoidoscopy is enough to assess endoscopic activity and endoscopic healing,” Dr. Jean-Frédéric Colombel from Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, N.Y., told Reuters Health by email. Dr. Colombel and…
Adalimumab, Tacrolimus Effective for Treating Refractory Ulcerative Colitis
NEW YORK (Reuters Health)—The human IgG1 anti-TNF antibody adalimumab is safe and effective for short- and long-term treatment, and the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus given short-term brings remission, in patients with refractory ulcerative colitis, according to two new studies in the Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis. In the first study, online Sept. 21, Dr. Tamas Molnar…
Patients Don’t Realize Smoking Worsens Inflammatory Bowel Disease
(Reuters Health)—Doctors know smoking can increase the risk for certain common inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but many patients haven’t gotten the message, a new study suggests. Out of 239 patients with two common types of IBD (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) only half were aware of the smoking risks associated with these conditions. “The take-home…
Biomarkers May Help Differentiate Crohn’s From Colitis
NEW YORK (Reuters Health)—Serum biomarkers can discriminate between Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), according to Danish and Dutch researchers. “The biomarker assays measure neo-epitopes, which are fragments of extracellular matrix protein degradation,” Joachim Høg Mortensen, a PhD student at Nordic Bioscience in Herlev, Denmark, told Reuters Health by email. “These neo-epitopes are increasingly…
Studies Challenge Conventional Infliximab Protocols in IBD
NEW YORK (Reuters Health)—Dose optimization of infliximab is needed much earlier in ulcerative colitis than in Crohn’s disease, a single-center retrospective study reveals. “We compared the rates of dose increases over a fairly lengthy period of time,” said Dr. Mark Silverberg, the study’s senior author from the Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto. “Patients with ulcerative…