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The History & Future of Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies (ACPAs)

Ruth Jessen Hickman, MD  |  Issue: March 2019  |  March 18, 2019


Ruth Jessen Hickman, MD, is a graduate of the Indiana University School of Medicine. She is a freelance medical and science writer living in Bloomington, Ind.

References

  1. Nienhuis RL, Mandema E. A new serum factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis; the antiperinuclear factor. Ann Rheum Dis. 1964 Jul;23:302–305.
  2. Tan EM. Autoantibodies, autoimmune disease, and the birth of immune diagnostics. J Clin Invest. 2012 Nov;122(11):3835–3836.
  3. Ingegnoli F, Castelli R, Gualtierotti R. Rheumatoid factors: Clinical applications. Dis Markers. 2013;35(6):727–734.
  4. Fox DA. Citrullination: A specific target for the autoimmune response in rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol. 2015 Jul 1;195(1):5–7.
  5. Young BJ, et al. Anti-keratin antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Br Med J. 1979 Jul 14;2(6182):97–99
  6. Niewold TB, Harrison MJ, Paget SA. Anti-CCP antibody testing as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in rheumatoid arthritis. QJM. 2007 Apr;100(4):193–201.
  7. van Venrooij WJ, van Beers JJ, Pruijn GJ. Anti-CCP antibodies: The past, the present and the future. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2011 Jun 7;7(7):391–398.
  8. Schellekens GA, de Jong BA, van den Hoogen FH, et al. Citrulline is an essential constituent of antigenic determinants recognized by rheumatoid arthritis-specific autoantibodies. J Clin Invest. 1998 Jan 1;101(1):273–281.
  9. Holers VM, Demoruelle MK, Kuhn KA, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis and the mucosal origins hypothesis: Protection turns to destruction. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018 Sep;14(9):542–557.
  10. Schett G, Gravallese E. Bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis: Mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2012 Nov;8(11):656–664
  11. Willis VC, Banda NK, Cordova KN, et al. Protein arginine deiminase 4 inhibition is sufficient for the amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol. 2017 May;188(2):263–274.

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