In late October, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved an update for rituximab’s (Rituxan) label.1 The label will now include information about follow-up treatment in adults with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) who have achieved disease control with induction treatment. The change is based on results from the MAINRITSAN trial, which was a randomized, controlled clinical trial of rituximab conducted by the French Vasculitis Study Group.
In 2011, the FDA approved rituximab combined with glucocorticoids to treat adult patients with GPA and MPA, with the precaution that limited data were available on the safety and efficacy of subsequent courses in these patients. The safety and efficacy of rituximab retreatment had not yet been established.2
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The MAINRITSAN trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of rituximab compared with azathioprine as follow-up treatment for ANCA-associated vasculitis, such as GPA and MPA. To participate, study patients (N=115; 86 with GPA, 24 with MPA, five with renal-limited ANCA-associated vasculitis) had to have achieved disease control after remission induction with cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids. The follow-up regimen consisted of rituximab with glucocorticoids.
The study’s primary endpoint was the occurrence of major relapse by Month 28. The study defined major relapse as the reappearance of clinical and/or laboratory signs of vasculitis activity that could be life threatening or lead to organ failure or damage.