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When & How to Talk to Your Patients About Their Gender & Sex

  |  Issue: June 2018  |  

Cisgender: A person who identifies with their assigned sex at birth. Also called “cis” for short. This term may not reflect hormonal makeup, sexual orientation or physical characteristics.

Genderqueer: Someone who may not define themself as either male or female gender, or does not wish to conform to binary gender identities or labels.

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Intersex: A group of chromosomal conditions that involve a discrepancy between a person’s external genitalia and internal genital organs, such as ovaries or testes. People who are intersex may have uncommon combinations of hormones, chromosomes and anatomical characteristics that are typically used to assign sex at birth.

Gender Affirmation Surgery: Various procedures to alter the external genitalia, internal sexual organs and/or external appearance. Not all transgender individuals have surgery.

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Sources: Trans Student Educational Resources and the U.S. National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health

References

  1. Unger CA. Hormone therapy for transgender patients. Transl Androl Urol. 2016 Dec;5(6):877–884.
  2. Ungprasert P, Crowson CS, Chowdary VR, et al. Epidemiology of mixed connective tissue disease, 1985–2014: A population-based study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2016 Dec;68(12):1843–1848.
  3. Gates GJ. How many people are lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender? Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law. 2011 Apr.
  4. Boada R, Janusz J, Hutaff-Lee C, et al. The cognitive phenotype in Klinefelter syndrome: A review of the literature including genetic and hormonal factors. Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2009;15(4):284–294.
  5. Gottlieb B, Trifiro MA. Androgen insensitivity syndrome. Gene Reviews (Internet). 2017 May.
  6. Leinung MC, Urizar MF, Patel N, et al. Endocrine treatment of transsexual persons: Extensive personal experience. Endocr Pract. 2013 Jul–Aug;19(4):644–650.
  7. 2016 plastic surgery statistics report. American Society of Plastic Surgeons.

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